[Sticky] ITEC Anatomy and Physiology Past Papers

Paper 2

1 Chloasma can be recognized by:
White patches of skin
Yellow patches of skin
Red patches of skin with silvery scales
Brown patches of skin

2 The skin has the ability to absorb:
Mineral oils
Chemical substances
Water
Aqueous creams

3 Which of the following can be found in the epidermis?
Elastin Melanocytes
Lymph vessels
Sweat glands

4 The dermal papilla can be found in the:
Stratum germinativum
Subcutaneous layer
Layer between the epidermis and dermis
At the base of the hair follicle

5 The cells containing keratin can be found in which layer of the skin?
Stratum Spinosum
Dermis
Stratum Granulosum
Stratum Germinativum

6 The action of the masseter muscle is to:
Raise the lower jaw
Raise the lips
Flex the head
Compress the nasal opening

7 The pterygoids are:
Bone
Layer of skin
Muscle
Nerve

8 The lymphatic system relies on the muscular system for:
Leverage
Movement
Digestion
Absorption

9 The action of the biceps femoris is to:
"Flex the hip, extend the knee"
Abduct the leg
"Extend the hip, flex the knee"
Flex the arm

10 The action of the gluteus medius is to:
Rotate the femur
Adduct and laterally rotate the femur
Flex the femur
Abduct and medially rotate the femur

11 Endoplasmic reticulum: Is a protein factory
Forms a network of canals
Combines carbohydrates with protein compounds for energy
Releases energy and forms adenosine triphosphate

12 Mitosis is the process of:
Cell structure
Protection against UV light
Eliminating toxins from the skin
Cell division

13 Areolar tissue is a type of:
Connective tissue
Epithelial tissue
Nervous tissue
Muscular tissue

14 The functions of the areolar tissue include:
"Protection, insulation"
"Support, connection"
"Stretch, recoil"
"Lining, absorption"

15 At the telophase stage of mitosis:
Pairs of chromatids divide and identical halves of the pairs move to each end of the cell
The spindle fibres disintegrate and the centrioles replicate.
"Chromosomes arrange themselves at the centre of the cell, each attached to the spindle by its centromere"
The centrosome divides in two

16 Cancellous bone is found:
On the outside of short bones
In the shaft of long bones
In the ends of long bones
In an infected bone

17 The common name for a zygomatic bone is:
Jaw bone
Cheek bone
Forehead
Skull bone

18 The innominate bones are:
The clavicle and scapula
Sacrum and coccyx
Pubis and femur
Ilium and ischium

19 The bones of the cranium include:
"Parietal, occipital"
"Palatine, nasal"
"Maxilla, zygomatic"
"Lacrimal, vomer"

20 The elbow joint is a:
Pivot joint
Fixed joint
Hinge joint
Gliding joint

21 The functions of the adrenal medulla hormones include:
Regulation of salts in the body
Maintenance of calcium levels in plasma
Regulation of water absorption
Prepares the body for 'fight or flight'

22 The endocrine system works closely with the nervous sdystem to provide:
Homeopathy
Homeosapien
Homeostasis
Imbalance in the body

23 Hyposecretion of vasopressin includes:
Oedema
High blood pressure
Diabetes Insipidus
Low blood pressure

24 Hormones are carried in the:
circulatory system
Lymphatic system
Nervous system
Respiratory system

25 Hypersecretion of thyroxin can cause:
Graves disease
Myxoedema
Cretinism
Dwarfism

26 The function of the venules is to:
Carry oxygenated blood from the capilleries to the larger veins
Carry oxygenated blood from the larger veins to the capilleries
Carry deoxygenated blood from the capilleries to the larger veins
Carry deoxygenated blood from the larger veins to the capilleries

27 Thrombocytes are:
Cells that fight infection
Cells that transport oxygen as oxyhaemoglobin
Cells responsible for blood clotting
Cells that form collagen

28 Erythrocytes are:
Cells that fight infection
Cells that transport oxygen as oxyhaemoglobin
Cells responsible for blood clotting
Cells that form collagen

29 The function of thrombocytes is to:
Produce antibodies
Protect the body from infection
Eat bacteria and other micro-organisms
Clot the blood

30 The arteries and veins of the lower arm and hand include:
"Digital, saphenous"
"Cephalic, basilic"
"Median, peronial"
"Sciatic, humeral"

31 Lymph is drained back into the bloodstream through the:
Lymphatic capilleries
Lymphatic nodes
Lymphatic ducts
Spleen

32 The functions of the spleen include:
Collect and drain lymph
Transport excess waste away from the tissues
Destroy thrombocytes
Destroy lymphocytes

33 The function of a lymph vessel is to:
Work with the blood to collect and distribute waste
Transport lymph to the arteries
Transport lymph
Transport lymph to the veins

34 Lymph flow is hindered by:
Muscular activity
Arterial pulsation
Infection
Peristaltic action

35 The cervical lymph nodes are situated:
In front of the ear
Behind the ear
Under the chin
On the neck

36 The part of the nervous system which works closely with the respiratory system for inhalation is the:
Cerebrum
Cerebellum
Medulla oblongata
Spinal cord

37 The sympathetic nervous system affects the heart by:
Accelerating the action of the heart
Constricting the flow of blood to the heart
Slowing down the action of the heart
Lowering blood pressure

38 The brachial nerves supply the:
"Muscles of the neck, shoulder and skin"
"Skin and muscles of the lower abomen, thighs and groin"
Muscles from the base of the neck to the fingertips and skin
Chest muscles and the main part of the abdominal wall

39 Neuralgia can be defined as:
Shooting pains along the course of a nerve
Pain down the back and outside of the thigh
Disease of the basal ganglia
Paralysis or weakness of one side of the face

40 The muscular and nervous systems work together to:
Control and coordinate movement
Regulate body changes
Protect
Reproduce

41 In the proliferative phase of the menstrual cycle which hormone is produced:
Progesterone
Testosterone
Follicle stimulating
Luteinising

42 Amenorrhoea is defined as:
Constantly menstruating
Painful menstruation
Absence of menstruation
Very heavy menstruation

43 The function of the large intestine includes:
Ingestion
Indigestion
Digestion
Excretion

44 Lipase digests:
Starch
proteins
fats
Carbohydrates

45 Peptones are digested in the:
Stomach
Jejunum
Duodenum
Ileum

46 Emphysema is:
Inflammation of the lung tissuee
Inflammation of the bronchial tubes
Inflammation of the pleural lining of the lungs
Loss of stretch and elasticity of the alveoli

47 The structure of the pleura is:
Yellow elastic connective tissue
Areolar tissue Serous membrane
Columnar epithelium tissue

48 The functions of the trachea include:
A collection of foreign matter or bacteria by the goblet secretory cells
Act as a passageway between the larynx and pharynx
To moisten and warm the air
To allow exchange of gases to take place

49 Define Bright's Disease
Inflammation of the eye
Inflammation of the kidney
Inflammation of the bladder
Inflammation of the liver

50 Cystitis is defined as an:
Inflammation of the urethra
Inflammation of the kidney
Inflammation of the ureter
Inflammation of the bladder

Paper 3

2 The cause of Addison's Syndrome are:
Hyposecretion of adrenocortical hormones
Hyposecretion of the female sex hormones
Hypersecretion of adrenocortical hormones
Hypersecretion of the female sex hormones

3 Oxygen is carried in the blood by:
Leucocytes
Thrombocytes
Erythrocytes
Lymphocytes

6 The effects on the digestive system of the parasympathetic nervous system include:
"Increase in secretion of pancreatic juices, micturition"
"Increase in digestion, increase in excretion of pancreatic juices"
"Delay in digestion, inhibition of secretion of digestive juices"
"Inhibition of micturition, decreate in secretion of pancreatic juices"

7 The knee joint is a:
Pivot joint
Hinge joint
Gliding joint Ball and socket joint

8 Cystitis is defined as inflammation of the:
Urethra
Kidney
Ureter
Bladder

9 The enzymes trypsin can be found in the:
Juices from the pancreas
Bile from the gall bladder
Juices from the stomach
Bile from the liver

2 A, 3 C, 6 B, 7 B, 8 D, 9 A

Paper 7

1 The tongue plays an important part in:
"Digestion, mastication, swallowing"
"Ingestion, taste, digestion"
"Mastication, elimination, swallowing"
"Swallowing, mastication, taste"

2 Ingestion takes place in the:
Stomach
Small intestine
Mouth
Large intestine

3 The action of pepsin is to:
Curdle milk
Break down proteins into peptones
Break down polypeptides into amino acids
Break down polysaccharides into disaccharides

4 A deficiency of Vitamin K causes:
Anaemia Lack of energy
Haemorrhage
Diarrhoea

5 Which enzyme does hydrochloric acid activate?
Trypsin
Rennin
Lactase
Pepsin

6 At the interphase stage of mitosis:
Pairs of chromatids divide and identical halves of the pairs move to each end of the cell.
The spindle fibres disintegrate and the centrioles replicate
"Chromosomes arrange themselves at the centre of the cell, each attached to the spindle by its centromere"
The cell is resting

7 The function of adipose tissue is to:
Enable stretch and recoil
Connect and support other tissues
Protect and insulate the body
Help support and move the body

8 Areolar tissue is a type of:
Connective tissue
Epithelial tissue
Nervous tissue
Muscular tissue

9 Endoplasmic reticulum: Is a protein factory
Forms a network of canals
Combines carbohydrates with protein compounds for energy
Releases energy and forms adenoisine triphosphate

10 A ligament connects:
Bone to bone
Muscle to muscle
Muscle to bone
Muscle to skin

11 Lymph is drained back into the blood stream through the:
Lymphatic capillaries
Lymphatic nodes
Lymphatic ducts
Spleen

12 The functions of the lymph nodes include:
Act as a biological filter
Increase water content of lymph
Transport oxygen
Regulate body temperature
A

13 The submandibular nodes are situated:
In front of the ear
Behind the ear
Under the jaw bond
On the neck

14 The function of a lumph vessel is to :
Work with blood to collect and distribute waste
Transport lymph to arteries
Transport lymph
Transport lymph to veins

15 The digestive and lymphatic systems work together to:
Aid in the digestion of carbohydrates
Aid the elimination of carbohydrates
Aid in the digestion of fats
Aid the elimination of fats

16 Control of the balance and co-ordination are functions of the:
Pons varolii
Cerebral cortex
Medulla oblongata
Cerebellum

17 The effects of the parasympathetic nervous system include:
"Increase in the secretion of pancreatic juices, micturition, delay in digestion"
"Increase in digestion, increase in excretion of pancreatic juices, micturition"
"Delay in digestion, inhibition of secretion of digestive juices, inhibition of micturition"
"Increase in digestion, inhibition of micturition, decrease in secretion of pancreatic juices"

18 The fifth cranial nerve is the:
Optic nerve
Trochlea nerve
Trigeminal nerve
Facial nerve

19 The nervous system overworks in times of stress causing:
Decreased heart rate
Low blood pressure
Sciatica
Muscle tension

20 The functions of the myelin sheath include:
To help regenerate nerve cells
To transmit nerve impulses away from the cell body
To speed up nerve conduction
To slow down nerve conduction

21 Which of the following statements is true?
The right lung consists of three distinct lobes
Tidal volue is greater than vital capacity
The pulmonary ateries carry oxygenated blood away from the lungs
The walls of the alveoli are lined with transitional epithelium

22 The trachea is made of:
Incomplete rings of yellow elastic tissue
Incomplete rings of hyaline cartilage
Complete rings of yellow elastic tissue
Complete rings of hyaline cartilage

23 Which of the following is not a function of the skin:
Waterproofing
Fat storage
Vitamin D production
Vitamin E production

24 The epidermis contains:
Hair papillae
Blood vessels
Melanocytes
Adipose cells

25 Acne vulgaris is:
Congenital
Viral
Fungal Bacterial

26 Erthrocytes are cells that:
Fight infection Transport oxygen as oxyhaemoglobin
Are responsible for blood clotting
Cells that form collagen

27 The characteristics of arteries include:
"Thick walled, small lumen"
Transport blood to the heart
"Thin walled, think lumen"
"Thin walled, large lumen"

28 The arteries and veins of the lower arm and hand include:
"Digital, saphenous"
"Cephalic, basilic"
"Median, peroneal"
"Sciatic, humeral"

29 The release of noradrenaline causes:
Vasoconstriction
Vasodilation
Dilation of muscle fibres
Accelerates conversion of glycogen to glucose

30 The cause of Cushing's Disease inlcude the:
Hyposecretion of glucocorticoid hormones
Hyposecretion of adrenocorical hormones
Hypersecretion of glucocorticoid hormones
Hypersecretion of adrenocortical hormones

31 The posterior lobe of the pituitary gland secretes the following hormones:
"Oestrogen, prolactin"
"Corticosteroids, follicle stimulating"
"Thyrotropin, human growth"
"Vasopressin, oxytocin"

32 Hypersecretion of the thyroid gland can cause:
Dwarfism
Graves disease
Cretinism
Myxoedema

33 Hormones are carried in the:
Circulatory system
Lymphatic system
Nervous system
Respiratory system

34 The action of the infraspinatus muscle is to:
Rotate the arm inwards
Adduct the arm
Rotate the arm outwards
Abduct the arm

35 Which of the following statements is true?
A concentric contraction involves shortening of the muscle
An eccentric contraction partically moves through a contraction
An isotonic contraction is a static contraction with no movement
An isometric contraction involves lengthening of a muscle

36 Define muscle fatigue:
Inability to relax a muscle
Inability of a muscle to contract
Inability of a muscle to sustain relaxation
Inability of a muscle to sustain a contraction

37 The origin of the sartorius muscle is: Tuberosity of the ischium
Pubis
Linea aspera
Anterior superior
iliac spine

38 The insertion of the trapezius muscle is:
Vertebral border of the scapula
Occipital bone and thoracic vertebrae
Clavicle and spine of scapula
Bicipital groove of the humerus

39 Which structure is common to both the urinary and reproductive system in the male?
Ureters
Testes
Urethra
Bladder

40 Lordosis is defined as:
Exaggerated inward curvature of the spine
Sideways curvature of the spine
Exagerrated outward curvature of the spine
Porosity and brittleness of bones

41 The bones of the cranium include:
"Parietal, occipital"
"Palatine, nasal"
"Maxilla, zygomatic"
"Lacrimal, vomer"

42 A saddle joint allows:
"Flexion, extension, adduction, circumduction"
No movement
"Abduction, adduction, flexion, extension, rotation"
"Plantarflexion, extension, circumduction, supination"

43 The minerals that bones store include:
Magnesium
Zinc
Phosphorus
Iron

44 Cancellous bone is found:
On the outside of short bones
In the shafts of long bones
In the ends of long bones
In infected bones

45 Define cystitis
Inflammation of the urethra
Inflammation of the kidney
Inflammation of the ureter
Inflammation of the bladder

Paper 7 Answers

1 D,2 C,3 B, 4 C, 5D, 6D, 7 C, 8 A, 9 B, 10 a, 11 c, 12 a, 13 c, 14 c, 15 c, 16 d, 17 b, 18 c, 19 d, 20 c, 21 a, 22 b, 23 d, 24 c, 25 d, 26 b, 27 a, 29 a, 30 c, 31 d, 32 b, 33 a, 34 c, 35 a, 36 d, 37 d, 38 c, 39 c, 40 a, 41 a, 42 a, 43 a, 44 c, 45 d

Paper 14

1 Where is DNA contained?

2 At what stage of mitosis does the nucleolus disappear?

3 Which of the following statements is true?
Skin absorbs chemicals through the dermis
Skin is a waterproof barrier
Skin absorbs water through the epidermis
Skin is non-waterproof

4 Which systems regulate the temperature of the body?
Blood supply and Sebaceaous glands
Blood supply and sweat glands
Blood supply only

5 What are the symptoms of Urticaria?

6 What are the symptoms of Excema?

7 How many vertebrae are there in the spine?

8 " What type of joint does the Tibia, Fibula and Talus form?"

9 Which of the following is an example of a short bone?

10 Which muscle closes the mouth?

11 Which muscle do you use when coughing?

12 Which muscle flexes the hip and rotates the femur medially?
Possibly iliopsoas

13 Which muscle do you use when opening a door handle?

14 Which type of cell is a biconcave disc with no nucleus?

15 The veins form which organs do not form part of the Hepatic-portal?
Stomach
Spleen
Pancreas
Caecum

16 What is the wall between the two sides of the heart called?

17 Which vein goes to the kidneys?

18 Which endocrine gland is related to the kidneys?

19 What does lymphatic tissue do?
Filter and destroy harmful bacteria
Produce Anti-bodies
Produce Lymphocytes
Absorb fatty droplets

20 How many cervical nerves are there?

21 How many lumbar nerves are there?

22 Which system does acetylcholine work with? Not sure on the wording of this one
23 Which condition affects the face only?
Bells palsey
Parkinsons
Neuritus
Neuralgia

24 Wher is the pineal gland situated?

25 Which disease causes Atrophy and Weakness?
Graves disease
Cushings disease
Cretinism
Addison's disease

26 Where does fertilisation take place?

27 What does the lobes of the breast produce?

28 Which of the following does not break down carbohydrates?
Maltase
Sucrase
Lactase
Lipase

29 What does the trachea do?

30 Which of the following is not stored by the liver?
Vitamin A
Vitamin K
Vitamin B12
Vitamin B6

31 Which Sphincter is at the opening of the small intestine?

32 Which organ does not contain Lymphatic tissue?

Paper 8

1 Which artery contains deoxygenated blood
a.Aorta
Pulmonary
c.None
d.Saphenous

2 What is small vain called?
Arteriole
Venule
Vena
d.Capillary

3 What blood vessels lead directly away from capillaries?
a.Arterioles
Lymph vessels
c.Veins
d.Venules

4 What vain drains the back of the head
Palmer
Temporal
c.Mandibular
d.Occipital

5 Into what does the right lymphatic duct enter?
a.The heart
Right subscapular vein
c.Left Subclavian vain
d.Right Subsclavian vain

6 What artery supplies the chin
a.Temporal
Facial c.Maxillary
d.Mandibular

7 What is the name of aorta that heads down to the trunk
a.Aortic arch
Mesenteric aorta
c.Descending aorta
d.ascending aorta

8 Which blood vessels has the smallest lumen
a.Venule
Artery
c.Vein
d.Capillary

9 Which blood vessel is the most elastic
a.Vein Artery
c.arteriole
d.venule

10 Which organ is supplied by the renal artery
a.Spleen
Kidney
Liver
d.Stomach

11 How many red blood cells at a time can pass trough capillaries
a.One
5.000.000
c.None
d.Two

12 By what process does CO2 pass from cells to the blood
a.Pinocytosis
Diffusion
c.Osmosis
d.Phagocytosis

13 Which chamber of the heart pumps oxygenated blood arround
Bottom right
Top left
c.Top right
d.Bottom left

14 What blood vesels come from the lungs to the heart
a.Pulmonary arteries
Pulmonary arteries and pulmonary vains
c.Pulmonary vains
d.Aorta

15 What type of blood does the pulmonary vains carry
RH neg
Deoxygenated
c.Oxygenated
d.Blue

16 The tunica adventica makes up which layer of blood vessels?
a.Outer layer
Mid layer
c.Inner layer
d.Pericardium

17 The main wall of artries and vains is made from wich tissue
a.Elastin
fibrous collagen
c.Endothelium
d.Muscle and elastic

18 Which vain carries blood from the small intestinw to the liver before going to the heart
a.Pancreatic vain
hepatic vain
c.Hepatic portal vain
d.Renal and hepatic vain

19 What name is given to small vains leaving the lissue
Lymph capillries
Lymphatics
c.Venule
d.Capillaries

20 The outer layer (tunica adventitiof an artery is composed of what
a.Epitelial tissue
Adipose tissue
c.connective tissue
d.nerve tissue

21 The outer layer of an artery called the tunica intima is composed of what
a.simple squamous epitelium
adipose fat
c.musscle tissue
d.stratified squamous epithelium

22 tha outer layer of an artery caontains collagen and what other fibresa
a.Muscle fibres
Elastic fibres
c.cartilage
d.fat

23 The inner layer of an artery composed of simple squamous epitelium is called what
a.membrane
varicose tissue
c.serous membrane
d.endothelium

24 Vains that loose their elasticity trough strtching are said to be what
a.stretched
elongated
c.not elasticised
d.varicose

25 which white cells give rise to the immune response which involves a memory of an ancounter
All leucocytes
Erythrocytes
c.Lymphocytes
d.Thrombocytes

26 which lymhocytes are produced in the bone marrow of an infant
a.Red lymhocytes
T-lymhocytes
c.B-lymhocytes
d.Monocytes

27 T-lymhocytes mature into T-cells in which organ of the child
a.small intestine
tonsils
c.Thymus gland
d.spleen

28 Vaccines act as a harmless antigen to stimulate the production of what aginst a specific disease
a.neutrophilis
antybodies
c.monocytes
hormones

29 "what does an antigen-antibody structure cause, when activating cells which produce histamine"
a.red face
paleness
cfaint
d.allergy

30 What do we call an intense allergic reaction thet can cause collapse or death
a.autoimmute reaction
anaphylactic reaction
c.a reflex action
d.cushin's syndrome

31 What type of immunity involves administering antibodies produces by someone else
a.passive immunity
active immunity
c.natural immunity
d.acquired immunity

32 What type of immunity involves producing immunity by stimulating antibodies to vaccines
a.active immunity
acquired immunity
c.passive immunity
d.natural immunity

33 Antibodies that have been produced in responce to exposure to the actual disease is known
a.passive immunity
active immunity
c.natural immunity
d.acquired immunity

34 What type of immunity indicates that protection has been brought about by vaccinatoin
a.acquired immunity
natural immunity
c.active immunity
d.passive immunity

35 which lymph organ destoys bacteria and worn out red blood cells and platelets
a.Peyer's patches
Liver
c.Thoracic duct
d.spleen

36 What disease is characterised by the body not recognising some of its own chemical structures
a.Hodgkin's
lymphoma
c.cancer
d.Autoimmune disease

37 what antibodies does group A blood plasma carry
a.anti A-antibodies
anti B -antibodies
c.anti A and B antibodies
d.neither

38 which blood groups plasma carries both anti A and anti B antibodies
a.Group A
Group A and B
c.Group 0
d.Group AB

39 If during blood transfusion group A is given to a person with group B or group O the transfusion will be what
a.successful
Reds cells of both groups will be damaged
c.Only the patient from group B will be damaged
d.Only the patient from group O will be damaged

40 What blood group has B present but A absent
a.Group AB
Group A
c.Group B
Group O

41 What special factor or antigen do most people carry
a.factor c
blue blood
c.rhesus factor
d.anti D

42 People carry the rhesus antigen are said to be what
a.RH positive
RH neg
c.Haemophiliacs
d.carrying hepatitis

43 Which membrane containing a watery fluid surrounds the heart
a.cardiac notch
endocardium
pericardium
d.cardioac sphinter

44 of what type of tissue is the heart mainly composed
a.connective
voluntary
c.cardiac muscle tissue
d.visceral

45 What is plasma accuring outside of the blood vessels known as
tissue fluid
serum
lymph
d.factor d

46 what is tissue fluid inside a lymphatic capillary called
a.capillary tissue fluid
chyle
c.lymph
d.lymph ducts

47 what structures help to drain excess fliud and waste products from the tissue spaces
a.lymph nodes
lymph vessels
lymph capillaries
d.lymph ducts

48 what filter out ingested bacteria and other potentially dangerous foreign bodies from lymph
lymph nodes
lymphatics
c.thymus glands
d.chyle

49 what is present to make lymphatic vessels appear to be
knotted
clotting agent
bacteria
lymph valves
d.lymph nodes

50 what name is given to the two major drainage vessels of the lymph system
the thoracic ducts
right lymphatic duct
c.right lymph duct and thoracic duct
d.cisterna chili

51 which lymphatic duct drains the left side of the body including both legs
a.left lymphatic duct
right thoracic duct
c.Right lymphatic duct
d.thoracic duct

52 the thoracic duct begins at a swollen sac called what
a.Payer'r patches
Cisterna chili
c.axillary node
d.inguinal node

53 Into what does the thoracic duct empty
a.right subclavian vein
Left subclavian vein
c.Carotid artery
d.internal jugular veins

54 the subclavian veins are beneath which bones
a.Vertebrae
sternum and ribs
c.scapula
d.collar bones

55 The flow of lymph from tissue to large lymphatic ducts is mainly due to the action of what
a.expiration
Skeletal muscles
c.hormones
d.heart rate

Paper 8 Answers

1 , 2 B, 3 D, 4 , 5 D, 6 B, 7 C, 8 D, 9 B, 10 B, 11 A, 12 B, 13 d, 14c, 15 c, 16 a, 17 d, 18 c,
D, 14 C, 15 C, 16 A,17 d, 18 c, 19 c, 20 c, 21 a, 22 b, 23 d, 24 d, 25 c, 26 b, 27 c, 28 b, 29 d, 30 b, 31 a, 32 A, 33 c, 34 a, 35 d, 37 b, B, 38 C 39 B, 40 C, 41 C, 42 A, 43 C,44 C, 45 A, 46 C, 47 C, 48 A, 49 C, 50 C, 51 C, 52 B, 53 B, 54 D, 55 B

Paper 9

1 How long do cels from the stratum germinativum take to reach the surface of the skin?
5- 7 days
12 - 14 days
19 - 21 days
28 - 30 days

2 Which skin condition is characterised by irregular areas of increased pigmentation oftem as a result of pregnancy?
vitiligio
chloasma
papilloma
erythema

3 Which of the following can be found in the epidermis?
lymph vessels
elastin malanocytes
sweat glands

4 The skin has the ability to absorb
mineral oils
chemical substances
water
ageous oils

5 The cells containing keratin can be found in which layer of the skin?
stratum spinosum
stratum germinitivum
stratum granulosum
dermis

6 The action of the orbicularis oris is to
close the eyes
pout lips as in kissing
draw the eyebrows inwards
smiling

7 which muscle lies deep to gatrocnemius
tibialis anterior
peroneous longus
soleus
extensor digitorium longus

8 the hamstring muscles are
"rectus femoris, semitendinosus and semimembranosus"
"biceps femoris, semimembranosus and semitendinosus"
"adductor brevis, adductor longus and adductor magnus"
"rectus femoris, vastus lateralis and vastus medialis"
8.b

9 Atrophy is?
lack of muscle tome or tension in a muscle
painful localised and involuntary contraction of one or more muscles
c)muscle fibres contract for much longer than necessary wasting away o
failure to reach normal size or bulk of muscle

10 A ligament
connects bone to bone
connects muscle to bone
connects muscle to ligaments
connects bone to ligaments

11 Endoplasmic reticulum
forms protein
forms network of canals
releases energy in the form of ATP
carries chromosomes

12 Aerolar tissue is a type of
nervous tissue
epithelial tissue
connective tissue
muscular tissue

13 Hyaline cartridge
reduces priction and absorbs shock at joints
is flexible and readily springs back into shape
enables organs to slide freely against each other to prevent friction
cushion and lubricated the end of bones

14 At the telophase stage of mitosis
the centrosomes divides into 2 centrioles
the spindle fibres disintegrate and the centrioles replicate
"the contrsomes arrange themselves at the centre of the cell, each attached to the spindle by its centromere"
the cell is resting

15 ciliated epithelium
lines ost of the digestive tract
lines the bladder and ureters
forms the top 5 layers of the skin
lines the respiratory passages

16 the innominate bones are
clavicle and scapula
sacrum and coccyx
pubis
ilium and ischium

17 the bones of the cranium include
parietal and occipital
palatine and nasal
mailla and zygomatic
"lacrimal, vomer"

18 the shoulder joint is a
saddle joint
gliding joing
ball and socket joint
hinge joint

19 cancellousbone is found
on the outside of short bones
in the shaft of long bones
in the ends of long bones
in an infected bone

20 which of these is part of the appendicular skeleton
skull
vertebral column
ribs
pelvic girdle

21 the endocrine system works closeley with the nervous system to provide homeostatis
homeopathy
imbalance in the body
homesapien

22 Hyposecretion of vasopressin includes
oedema
high blood pressure
diabetes insipidus
low blood pressure

23 Hormones are carried in the
ciculatory system
lymphatic system
nervous system
respiratory system

24 Hypersecretion of gluco-corticoids causes
addisons disease
cushings syndrome
polycystic ovaries
d)hirsutism

25 The pancreas secretes hormones which
regulate water absorbtion
regulate mineral balance
regulate calcium balance
regulate glucose balance

26 Thrombocytes are
cells that fight infection
cells that transport oxygen as oxyhaemoglobin
cells responsible for clotting
cells that form collagen

27 The arteries and veins of the lower arm and hand include
"digital, saphenous"
"cephalic, basilic"
"median, sciatic"
"humeral, radial"

28 Arteriosclerosis is
a build up of fats inside the arteries
a degenerative disease of the arteries
reduction in the ability to carry oxygen
blood's inability to clot

29 Arteries
carry oxygenated blood: they have thick muscular walls
carry deoxygenates blood; they have thick muscular walls
lie deep in the tissues; they contain valves
run alongside veins; have thin walls

30 the function of venules is to:
carry oxygenated blood from the capillaries to the larger veins
carry oxygenated blood from the larger veings to the capillaries
carry deoxygenated blood from the capillaries to the larger veins
carry deoxygenated blood from the larger veins to the capillaries

31 The lympatic nodes located in the crease of the elbow are called
auricular nodes
supratrochlear nodes
submandibular nodes
inguinal nodes

32 Lymph is drained back into the blood stream through the
spleen lymphatic nodes
lymphatic capillaries
lymphatic ducts

33 The function of the lacteals in the lining of the small intestine is to
carry digested fat
absorb water
filter lymph
make lympocytes

34 which of the following areas contain lymphatic tissue
tonsils and appendix
appendix and liver
tonsils and adrenal glands
adrenal glands and spleen

35 the funtions of the spleen include
collect and drain lymph
transport excess waste away from the tissue
destroy thrombocytes
destroy lymphocytes

36 the part of the nervous system which works closeley with the respiratory system for inhalation is the
spinal cord
cerebrum
cerebellum
medulla oblongata

37 the brachial nerves supply
chest muscles and main part of the abdominal wall
"skin and muscles of lower abdomen, thighs and groin"
muscles and skin from base of neck to fingertips
muscles and skin of neck and shoulder

38 which one of the following is the fatty covering of an axon
neuroglia
neurilemma
myelin sheath
adipose tissue

39 white matter is found
on the outise of the brain and inside of the spinal cord
on the outise of the brain only
on the inside of the brain and outisde of the spinal cord
on the outside of the spinal cord only

40 bells plasy is
bouts of burning or stabbing pain along the nerve
pain down back and outisde of thigh
facial paralysis caused by injury or infection of facial nerve
blood poisening

41 which one of the following is a function of the vas deferens
a)acts as a passageway for sperm
carries testosterone to the blood stream
acts as a site for immature sperm to develop
acts now as a passagewayor semen and urine

42 human ovulation normally occurs every
14 days
28days
40 days
60 days

43 the function of the large intestine includes
ingestion
indegestion
digestion
excretion

44 Trypsin digests
starch
proteins
fats
carbohydrates

45 peptones are digested in the
stomach
jejunum
diodenum
ileum

46 the epiglottis
closed trachea when swollowing
closes oesophagus during breathing
prevents the trachea from collapsing
closes the nasal cavity when swollowing

47 the membranes surrounding the lungs comprise of
the pericardium
periosteum
pleura
perichondrium

48 Emphysema is
inflammation of the lung tissue
inflammation of the bronchial tubes
inflammation of the pleural lining of the lungs
loss of stretch and elasticity of the alveoli

49 which of the following is the part of the kidney which acts as a filter
loop of henle
glomerular capsule
collecting tubule
the renal pelvis

50 another name for nephritis is
addisons disease
cystitis
bright's deisease
S.A.D.
1 d, 2 b, 3 c, 4 b, 5c, 6 b,7 c, 8 b, 9d, 10 a, 11 b, 12 c, 13a, 14 b, 15 d, 16 d, 17 a, 18 c, 19 c, 20 d, 21 a, 22 c, 23 a, 24 b, 25 d, 26 c, 27 b, 29 a, 30 c, 31 b, 32 d, 33 a, 34 a, 35 c, 36 d, 37 c, 38 c, 39, c, 40 c, 41 a, 42 b, 43 d, 44 b, 45 a, 46 a, 47 c, 48 d, 49 b, 50 c

1 Which of the following is NOT found in the epidermis:
sweat gland
keratin
hair follicle
melanin

2 Where is the frontal bone?
chest
forehead
leg
shoulder

3 Which is the 2nd cervical bone?
atlas
axis
neck
tibia

4 What links the liver to the circulatory system?
alcohol content
biliousness
plasma
proteins
the digestion

5 Which disease results in muscular atrophy & weakness?
Graves
Addisons
Cushings
Edwards

6 What is the action of the sternocleidomastoid?
extends & rotates head
flexes & rotates head
bends neck from side to side
abducts the mastoid

7 Which muscle adducts & flexes the humerus?
flexor carpi digitorum
pronator teres
coracobrachialis
triceps

8 What is the action of the rectus femoris?
flexes the knee & extends the hip
flexes the hip & extends the knee
medially rotates the pronated ankle
flexes the hip & big toe

9 What is cancer of the lymphatic tissue called?
leukemia
hodgkinsons
squamous cell
carcinoma
brights

10 Which skin condition presents with a red itchy rash
urticaria
eczema
acne rosacea
chloasma

11 Eczema is
congenital
bacterial
viral
fungal

12 The spindle threads of the centrioles divide to form new centromeres & the cell membrane begins to constrict
during interphase
at the end of anaphase
at the end of metaphase
during telophase

13 When does the nucleolus disappear?
during metaphase
during telophase
at the end of prophase
at the end of anaphase

14 Where is FSH produced?
pituitary
thyroid
adrenal gland
ovaries

15 Where is thyroxin produced? anterior pituitary
thymus
thyroid
adrenal
medulla

16 A fracture in which the broken bone pierces the skin is called
impacted
comminuted
compound
complicated

17 An exaggerated inward curvature of the spine is
kyphosis
hunchbackism
lordosis
kypholordosis

18 What disease causes porosity & brittleness of bones
osteoarthritis
osteopathy
osteoporosis
stress fracture

19 Which part of the heart is the first to receive deoxygenated blood?
right atrium
right entricle
left atrium
left ventricle

20 What takes deoxygenated blood from capillaries to the larger veins?
venules
arterioles
mini veins
arteries

21 ?

22 What disease is cased by the build up of fats?
artherosclerosis
arteriosclerosis
atherosclerosis
arterial obesity

23 Lymphatic vessels
bathe tissue n fluid
take lymph to nodes
add lymphocytes to blood
filter lymph

24 Which of the following does NOT help lymph to circulate:
cold
warmth
suction
skeletal muscle contraction

25 Urticaria is caused by:
allergy
hormonal imbalance
a rash
nettles

26 Posture is subconsciously controlled by the
cerebrum
cerebellum
pons varolii
medula oblongata

27 Which disorder involves the multiple growth of cysts & may cause infertility?
uterine cyst syndrome
polycystic ovarian syndrome
stress
cystic fibrosis

28 Breast size is determined by the amount of which tissue present:
lymphatic
areolar
glandular
adipose

29 Which of the following is true:
the bronchi get increasingly smaller as they approach the bronchioles
bronchioles take air to the alveoli
the trachea is responsible for breathing
the trachea takes air to the bronchi via the larynx

30 The paranasal sinuses are lined with:
ciliated epithelium
cuboidal epithelium
serous membrane
mucous membrane

31 Sensations are perceived by
the cerebellum
the brain stem
the medulla oblongata
the cerebrum

what type of disorder is a verucca?
Bacterial
congential
fungal
Viral

what type of disorder is ecxcema?
Viral
Bacterial
Congenital
Fungal

wht is urticaria a reaction to?
an allergy
an inflammation of the hair follicle
a hormone imbalance
a virus

where do capillaries arise from
arterioles
arteries
venules
veins

which of the following is a def. of abduction
palm of hand down
sole of foot inwards
decrease in angle between bone and joint
movement of the bone away from the midline of the body or limb

where would you find triangularis
corner of mouth
in the hand
in the foot
corner of eye

def. of plantarflexion
point toes down point toes up
turn palm down
turn palm up

what muscle draws shoulder forward and roates scapula
rhomboid mahor
trapiezus
serratus anterior
latissimus dorsi

what muscle lifts trunk after sitting
Gluteus Maximus
Gluteus Minimus
Gluteus Medius
Biceps Femoris

what tissue is protective and insulating
epithelial
areolar adipose white fibrous

function of blood tissue
absorb shock
transport food and 02
support and protect
produce movement

where would u find the genetic code
mithochondria
nucleus
nucleoulus
endoplasmic reticulum

what does not contain yellow elastic ( i said spleen am i rite?)
spleen stomach bladder aorta

what tissue is connecting and supporting other tissues
areolar
adipose
yellow elastic
white fibrous

what type of bone is a sternum
flat
long
short
irregular

what is another name for scapula
cheek bone
collar bone
shoulder blade
breast bone

what direction of the spine for lordosis
inward curvature of the spine
outward curvature of the spine
sidewards curvature of the spine
porous and brittleness

name a bone in the foot
tibia
talus
hamate
radius

what is another name for clavicle
breast bone
collar bone
shoulder blade
lower jaw

malfunction of which hormone gives a jet lagged feeling?
adrenaline
parathoromone
oxytocin
malatonin

hypersecreaion of throyxin causes
graves disease
cretinism
myxoedema
dwarfism

antidirectic hormone works with
kidneys
bladder
liver
heart

what secretes calcitonin
pineal
thymus
parathyroid
throid

artert tht suplies head and neck
jugular
common carotid
mesenteric
subclavian

function of venule
carry oxy. blood from artery to vein
carry deoxy. blood from vein to artery
carry deoxy. blood from capillary to vein
carry oxy. blood from capillary to vein

the hepatic artery feeds?
kidney
stomach
brain
liver

apart from spleen what does the splenic artery feed?
gall bladder
kidney
stomach
pancreas

main artery in arm
axillary
brachial
cephalic
radial

lymphocytes not found in
digestive system
muscular
central nervous system
respiratory system

wht isnt a function of lymph node

posterior auricular node is where?

if the spleen did not gilter wht wud happ
get a headache
low bp
sceticeamenia
diabetes

thoracia duct drains
left subclavian
right subclavian
superior vena cava
inferior vena cava

function of sensory nerve

how many pairs of spinal nerves
27
30
31
33

wht speed us a nerve conduction

myelin sheeth

wht part of brain is for balance

function of spinal nerve

where is the cervix

function of cervix

function of large intestine

HCl activates wht

wht part of nervous system deals with inhalation

where would u find chemoreceptors

what does the urinary system rely on skin to do

% of water in urine

1 Which of the following is a bacterial disease?
Tinea corporis
Folliculitis
Warts
Eczema

2 What is the function of fibroblasts?
produce histamine
produce white blood cells
produce collagen
produce perspiration

3 example of fungal disease
eczema
tinea corporis
folliculitis
chloasma

4 what do mast cells produce?
histamine
sebum
perspiration
pigment

5 which is a viral disease?
herpes simplex

psoriasis
tinea pedis
impetigo

6 cause of fibrositis
arthritis in muscles and tension of legs
sustained involuntary contraction of muscle
build up of lactic acid
overstretching of a muscle causing soreness

7 atrophy of muscle tissue is
lack of normal tone or tension
build up of lactic acid
wasting away of bulk muscle tone
injury or damage of muscle tissue

8 which if not used when chewing food?
masseter
buccinator
temporalis
mentalis

9 what does overcontraction of muscle cause?
muscle atrophy
muscle fatigue
sprain
tone

10 what is myositis?
inflammation of muscle
tear in fascia build up of lactic acid
sudden twist of joint ligament

11 where do you find transitional tissue?
heart
inside mouth
oesophagus
bladder

12 what is correct for yellow elastic tissue?
is in lung tissue
forms lymphatic cells
protects and insulated
forms ligaments

13 chemical in nucleus that carries genes
debonucleus acid
deoxyrebonuclus acid
adenome disphosphate
adenome triphosphate

14 membrane that lubricates ends of bones
mucus
synoval
serous
cell

15 organelles that combines polysaccharides with
protein compounds for use as energy
endoplastic reticulum lysosone
mitrochondria
golgi apparatus

16 Kyphosis caused by
lateral curve of spine
round shoulders
hollow back
uneven scapulae

17 a simple fracture is
bone broken in one place
bone broken in several places
damaged surrounding tissue
pierced skin

18 which is not a function of the skeletal system?
store calcium
store hormones
form erythrocytes in bone marrow
form joints to provide movement

19 how many pairs of ribs?
8
10
12
14

20 Lordosis is
inward curve
sideways curve
outward curve
porosity and brittleness of bones

21 gland that controls calcium levels in blood
thyroid
parathyroid
thymus
pineal

22 where is oxytoxin produced?
anterior lobe of pituitary
posterior lobe of pituitary
pineal
thyroid

23 secretions from adrenal medulla
interstitial cell stimulating hormone
aldersterone
gonadrotrophins
noradrenalin

24 nervous system that controls endocrine system
cerebellum
hypothalamus
medulla oblongata
cerebrum

25 disease giving moon shaped face is
cushings disease
addisons disease
graves disease
acronilacy

26 chamber the aorta exits is
right ventricle
left ventricle
right atrium
left atrium

27 phlebitis is
enlarged vein in rectum
inflammation of a vein
blood clot
blood's inability to clot

26 haemophilia is enlarged veins in rectum
blood clot
blood's inability to clot
inflammation of a vein

29 " apart from the spleen, what does the splenic artery feed?"
gallbladder
kidney
bladder
pancreas

30 what is the main vein in arm?
basilic
radial
femoral
ulna

31 what does not contain lymphatic tissue?
spleen
tonsils
large intestine
appendix

32 where is occipital lymphatic node?
under chin
back of head
front of ear
back of ear

33 what is the lymph node behind the knee called?
supatrochlear
inguinal
popleteal
axillary

34 where is the appendix attached?
to the large intestine
to the small intestine
????
to the gallbladder

35 lymphatic capillaries are similar to
arteries
arterioles
venules
venous capillaries

36 which part of the brain interprets conscious sensations?
cerebellum
cerebrum
???
medulla oblongata

37 which part of the brain regulates body temperature?
cerebellum
hypothalamus
cerebrum
midbrain

38 how many membranes protect the central nervous system?
1
2
3
4

39 what is neurilemma?
fine delicate membrane that surrounds the axon
point where one neuron meets another
end of a fibril
insulation for axon

40 what is not involved in the reflex arch?
spinal cord
sensory nerve
heart
motor nerve

31 what is mastitis?
inflammation of the uterus
inflammation of the ovaries
inflammation of the fallopian tubes
inflammation of the breast

42 which is the menstrual cycle after ovulation?
secretory
menstrual
resting
proliferative

43 when is glycogen converted back to glucose?
when the body needs insulation
when the body needs energy
when the body needs protein
when the body needs to relax

44 what are essential organic substances for the body?
carbohydrates
proteins
minerals
vitamins

45 which organ will cirrhosis affect?
liver
gallbladder
bladder
kidney

46 what are bronchioles? prevent friction of lungs
act as passageway between larynx and bronchi
take air to alveoli of lungs
passageway that warms and moistens the air

47 what are chemoreceptors?
lung tissue
????
nerve cells
?????

48 is pneumonia an infection of
the bronchial tubes
lung tissue caused by infection
pleural lining
sinuses

49 where is urine produced?
bladder
kidney
urethra
ureter

50 which is an inflammation of the kidneys?
cystitis
nephritis
????
kidney stones

1 Which is the following example of a congenital skin disease
herpes simplex
acne vulagaris
tinea pedis
eczema

2 vitiligo can be recognised by
white patches of skin
yellow patches of skin
red patches of skin
brown patches of skin

3 which is the bacterial skin disease
tinea corporis
folliculitis
warts
eczema

4 what is the role of the sebaceous
gland control temperature
secrete chemicals and act as a receptor
remove waste from skin
secrete sebum and act as a moisturiser

5 what do eccrine glands secrete
sebum
milky fluid
watery sweat
oil

6 which of the following defines flexion
turn the palm of the hand to the ceiling
point toes to ground
turn foot outwards
decrease the angle of a bone

7 which muscle everts the foot and plantar flexes the ankle
peroneus longus
tibialis anterior
gastrocnemius
soleus

8 which of the following is a muscle is in the lower arm and hand
tibialis anterior
coracobrachialis
flexor digitorium longus
flexor carpi ulnaris

10 which does not flex the hip sartorious semimembranosus illiacus rectum frmoris

1 In the proliferative phase of the menstrual cycle which hormone is produced?
Progesterone
Testosterone
Follicle stimulating
Luteinising

2 Amenorrhoea is defined as:
Constantly menstruating
Painful menstruation
Absence of menstruation
Very heavy menstruating
C

3 In the secretory phase of the menstrual cycle the hormone produced is:
Progesterone
Testosterone
Follicle stimulating
Luteinising

4 The scrotum contains:
Spermatozoa
Ovaries
Epididymis
Prostate gland

5 The functions of the prostate gland include:
Store sperm
Produce sperm
Produce seminal fluid
Stop micturition

6 Fertilisation of the ovum occurs:
In the uterus
In the follicle In the fallopian tubes
In the testes

7 Reproductive system links to:
Nervous Digestive
Digestive
Muscular
Circulatory
Circulatory

8 Polycystic ovarian syndrome is a result of:
Hyper secretion of female sex hormones
Hyper secretion of testosterone in females
Hypo secretion of female sex hormones
Hypo secretion of testosterone in females

9 What is dysmenorrhoea?
Absence of menstruation
Extremely painful menstruation
Irregular menstrual cycle
Cessation of menstruation

10 What type of tissue is found in the breast?
Nervous and muscular
Blood and lymphoid
Yellow elastic and white fibrous
Areolar and adipose

1 Define bright's disease:

2 Cystitis is defined as:
Inflammation of the urethra
Inflammation of the kidney
Inflammation of the ureter
Inflammation of the bladder

3 Nephritis is defined as inflammation of the:
Eye
Kidney
Bladder
Liver

4 The structure of the renal pelvis of the kidney is:
Funnel shaped cavity
Sac like organ in the pelvic cavity
Fibrous capsule
A narrow tube within the kidney

5 Filtration occurs in:
Kidney
Convoluted tubules
Bowman's capsule
Renal pelvis

6 What enzyme is produced in the kidneys?
Pepsin
Amylase
Renin
Rennin

7 Urine gets its colour from:
Waste products
Minerals
Salts
Bile

8 Urine passes from the kidney to:
Urethra
Bladder
Pelvis
Ureter

9 Cystitis is defined as inflammation of
Urethra
Kidney
Bladder
Ureter

10 The percentage of urea in urine is:
2%
4%
6%
10%

11 What is cystitis?
An inflammation of the bladder
An inflammation of the ureter
An inflammation of the urethra
An inflammation of the kidneys
An inflammation of the kidneys

1 The innominate bone is made up of
Radius and ulna
Pelvis and femur
Carpal and metacarpal
Ischium and ilium

2 The vertebrae are
Short bone
Flat bone
Long bone
Irregular bone

3 Bones are made from
Osteoblasts
Osteolasts
Ostercasts
None of these

4 The capitate is found in
The foot
The ankle
The wrist
The hand

5 The joints between the carpals are
Hinge
Gliding
Saddle
Pivot

7 Cancellous bone is found:
On the outside of short bones
In the shaft of long bones
In the ends of long bones
In infected bone

8 The common name for the zygomatic bone is:
Jaw bone
Cheek bone
Forehead
Skull bone

11 The elbow joint is a:
Pivot joint
Fixed joint
Hinge joint
Gliding joint

12 Am example of a slightly moveable joint is
Cranial bones
Carpals
Vertebrae
Collar bones

13 A saddle joint allows
"Flexion, extension, adduction, abduction, circumduction "
No movement
"Abduction, adduction, flexion, extension, rotation "
"Plantar flexion, extension, circumduction, supination"

14 The minerals that bones store include
Magnesium
Zinc
Phosphorus
Iron

15 How many vertebrae form the spine?
33
37
29
34

16 Which of the following is not a good example of a long bone?
Metatarsals
Ribs
Femur
Radius

17 Where would I find the occipital bone?
In the orbital cavity
The jaw
The ankle
Back of the cranium

18 What is the cause of osteoporosis?
Growing old Calcium deficiency
Calcium deficiency
Stress Autoimmune disease

19 Where would be a good example of a pivot joint?
Between the atlas and the axis cervical vertebrae
Elbow
Between the carpals and tarsals
Hip

20 The wrist bones include:
Tarsals
Carpals
Metatarsals
Metacarpals

21 The knee joint is a:
Pivot joint
Hinge joint
Gliding joint
Ball and socket joint

22 What is the effect of osteo-arthritis?
The cartilage of joint breaks down the synovial membrane A
The chronic destruction of
The bones become porous and brittle
The joint of the spine fuse together

23 What type of bone is the mandible?
Moveable
Partially moveable
Immovable Floating
Floating

24 How many bones form the sacrum?
4
5
6
7

26 Where would you find an example of a hinge joint?
Between the phalanges of the fingers and toes tarsals and carpals A
Between the atlas and axis
Between the phalanges of the thumb and its metacarpals
Between the humerus and the scapula

ANSWERS
1 d, 2 d, 3a, 4 c, 5 b, 7 c, 8 b, 11 c, 12 c, 13 a, 14 c, 15 a, 16 b, 17 d, 18 b, 19 a, 20 b, 21 b, 22 ?, 23 a, 24 b, 26 ?

2 Which of the following does not contain involuntary muscle?
Digestive system
Heart Respiratory system
Genito-urinary system

3 Where would you find the sternocleidomastoid?
Across the top of the shoulders
Upper back
Chest
Running up the neck

4 What is the function of the obicularis oculi?
Raise the corner of the mouth
Rotates the head
Closes the eyelid
Plantarflexes the ankle

5 What is the cause of fibrositis?

A build up of lactic acid in the muscle
Overexertion
Sodium depletion
Scar tissue that has not healed

6 The action of the obicularis oculi is to
Close the mouth
Close the eye
Purse the lips
Raise and retract the lower jaw

7 The action of the abdominus transversalis muscle is to
Produce rotation at the waist
Flexes the vertebral column
Flexes the head and neck
Flexes the hip

8 The lymphatic system relies on the muscular system for
Leverage
Movement
Digestion
Absorption

9 A ligament connects
Bone to bone
Muscle to muscle
Muscle to bone Muscle to skin

10 The action of the masseter muscle is to Raise the lower jaw
Raise the lips
Flex the head
Compress the nasal opening

11 The ptergoids are
Bone
Layer of skin
Muscle
Nerve

12 The action of the biceps femoris is to
"Flex the hip, extend the knee "
Abduct the leg
"Extend the hip, flex the knee "
Flex the arm

13 The muscles of the lower arm and hand include
Tibialis anterior
Peroneus longus
Extensor carpi digitorim
Soleus

14 Myositis is defined as
Tension in muscle tissue
Overexertion of muscle
Inflammation of muscle tissue
Injury to muscle tissue

15 The action of the supraspinalis is
Adduct the arm
Medial rotate the arm
Abduct the arm
Lateral rotation of the arm

16 The action of the brachialis is to
Extend the arm
Flex the elbow joint
Supinate the arm
Extend the elbow joint

17 Eversion is to
Turn inwards
Turn downwards
Turn upwards
Turn outwards

18 Tendons are made of
Yellow elastic tissue
Fibrous cords
Fibrous connective tissue
Adipose tissue

19 Muscle insertion point is
Moving end of muscle
Fixed point of muscle
Position of the muscle
Opposite of muscle origin

20 Muscle fatigue can be defined as
Inability to contract
Inability to sustain a contraction
Inability to relax
Inability to sustain relaxation

21 Dorsiflexion is when you
Flex foot upwards
Flex foot downwards
Turn sole inwards
Turn sole outward

22 The action of the coracho brachialis is Flexion of the arm
Adduction
Rotation
Abduction

23 Actions of the teres major
Flexion of the arm Adducts
Medially rotate
Abduct

24 Action of the serratus anterior
Draw shoulder forward Draw shoulder backward
Medially rotate scapula
Flexion of thoracic cage

25 Action of the erector spinae
Flex vertebral column
Extend vertebral column
Medially rotate vertebrae
Laterally rotate vertebrae

26 Action of the supraspinatas
Flexion of arm
Extend scapula
Medially rotate humerus
Abduct humerus

27 Action of sartorius
Flexion of hip Extend the knee A
Medially rotate femur
Abduct the humerus

28 Actions of rectus femoris
Flex femur Extend knee B
Extend hip
Rotate femur

29 A muscle strain is
Overstretching Sudden twist
Under nourishment
Muscle stress

30 Muscle system links to nervous system for
Movement and coordination
Lymphatic drainage
Protection
Contraction

31 The action of the infraspinatus muscle is to:
Rotate the arm inwards Adduct the arm
Rotate the arm outwards
Abduct the arm

32 What is the action of the coraco brachialis?
To pronate the arm
To abduct and extend the arm
To supinate the arm
To adduct and flex the arm

33 What muscle extends the head?
Sternocleidomastoid
Erector spinae
Trapezius
Splenius capitus

34 What is the action of the subscapularis?
To rotate the arm inwards
To abduct the arm
To rotate the arm outwards
To adduct the arm

35 What is the action of the levator labii superioris?
To purse the lips
To turn the lower lip outwards
To lift the upper lip
To pull down the corners of the mouth

36 Which muscle everts and plantarflexes the ankle?
Peroneus longus
Tibialis anterior
Gastrocnemius
Soleus

ANSWERS
2 b, 3 d, 4 c, 5 a, 6 b, 7 b, 8 b, 9 b, 10 a, 11 c, 12 c, 13 c, 14 c, 15 c, 16 b, 17 d, 18 b, 19 a, 19 a, 20 b, 21 a, 22 a, 23 c, 24 a, 25 b, 2 6 d, 27 a, 28 b, 29 a, 30 a, 31 c, 32 d, 33 d, 34 ?, 35 c, 36 a

1 Hypotension is
Low blood pressure
Stress Migraine
High blood pressure

2 The outer layer of the heart is called
Pericardium
Endocardium
Myocardium
Echocardium

3 Blood leaves the heart to the body through
Superior vena cave
Carotid artery
Aorta Subclavian artery

4 Blood clotting is affected by
Diet Exercise
Blood volume
Low platelets

5 Anaemia is defined as
Low red blood cells
Lack of iron
Reduction in oxygen carrying ability of the blood
Blood loss

6 High blood pressure is caused by
Under active adrenal glands
Blood loss
Shock
Kidney disease

7 The function of the venules is to:
Carry oxygenated blood from the capillaries to the larger veins
Carry oxygenated blood from the larger veins to the capillaries
Carry deoxygenated blood from the capillaries to the larger veins
Carry deoxygenated blood from the larger veins to the capillaries

8 Thrombocytes are:
Cells that fight infection
Cells that transport oxygen as oxyhaemoglobin
Cells responsible for blood clotting
Cells that form collagen

9 Erythrocytes are:
Cells that fight infection
Cells that transport oxygen as oxyhaemoglobin
Cells responsible for blood clotting
Cells that form collagen

10 The function of thrombocytes is to:
Produce antibodies
Protect the body from infection
Eat bacteria and other micro organisms
Clot the blood

11 Plasma contains Haemoglobin
Hormones
Red blood cells
Monocytes

12 The function of thrombocytes is Blood clotting
Fight infection
Eat bacteria and micro organisms
Supply oxygen to the cells

13 The vessel that carries oxygenated blood into the heart is
Vena cava
Pulmonary vein
Aorta
Pulmonary artery

14 Erythrocytes are
Cells that fight infection
Cells that transport oxygen as oxyhaemoglobin
Cells responsible for blood clotting
Cells that form collagen

15 The characteristics of arteries include
"Thick walled, small lumen "
Transport blood to the heart
Thin walled thin lumen
Thin walled large lumen

16 The arteries and veins of the lower arm and hand include
"Digital, saphenous "
"Cephalic, basilic "
"Median, peronial "
"Sciatic, humeral"

17 What is the function of thrombocytes?
Transport of nutrients
Protect the body from infection
Blood clotting
Solvent in the blood

18 As you look at a diagram of the heart what is the top right hand chamber called?
Right atrium
Left atrium
Right ventricle
Left ventricle

20 Which is the main artery that supplies blood to the leg?
Tibial
Renal
Brachial
Thrombus

21 What disease am I describing?
Inflammation of a vein
Phlebitis
Atherosclerosis
Haemorrhoids
Thrombus

22 Oxygen is carries in the blood by:
Leucocytes Thrombocytes
Thrombocytes
Erythrocytes
Lymphocytes

23 What is the function of thrombocytes?
To produce antibodies
To clot the blood
To eat bacteria and other micro organisms
To protect the body from infection

24 How is lymph drained into the circulatory system?
Through the spleen
Through the lymphatic capillaries
Through the lymphatic nodes
Through the lymphatic ducts

25 What is the cause of Hepatitis A?
Faecally contaminated food
Infected body fluids
An excessive intake of fat
Cancer of the blood

26 What vessel carries oxygen into the heart?
Inferior vena cave
Pulmonary vein
Superior vena cava
Pulmonary artery

27 What is the membrane of the middle layer of the heart wall called?
Pericardium
Tacacardia
Endocardium
Myocardium

ANSWERS
1 a, 2 a, 3 c, 4 d, 5 c, 6d, 7 b, 8 c, 9 b, 10 d, 11 b, 12 a, 13 b, 14 b, 15 a, 16 b, 17 c, 18 b, 20 a, 21 a, 22 c, 23 b, 24 d, 25 a, 26 b, 27d

1 The middle layer of lymphatic vessels are
Fibrous outer tissue
Muscular and elastic tissue
Inner endothelial tissue
Middle endothelial tissue

2 Lymph is dependent on what for movement?
Blood volume
Skeletal muscles
Gravity
Valves

3 Lymph is returned to the general circulation in Aorta
Right Subclavian
Superior and inferior vena cava
Subclavian
Right and left

4 Lymphatic tissue is not found
In the tonsils In the spleen
In the appendix
In the thyroid

5 Antibodies are formed in
Lymph vessels
Lymph nodes
Lymph ducts
Lymph capillaries

6 Lymphatic tissue does not contain
Phagocytes
Thrombocytes
Lymphocytes
Cells dividing to form new lymphocytes

7 Lymph is drained back into the bloodstream through the:
Lymphatic capillaries
Lymphatic nodes
Lymphatic ducts
Spleen

8 The functions of the spleen include:
Collect and drain lymph
Transport excess waste away from the tissues
Destroy thrombocytes
Destroy lymphocytes

9 The function of a lymph vessel is to:
Work with the blood to collect and distribute waste
Transport lymph to the arteries
Transport lymph Transport lymph to the veins

10 Lymph flow is hindered by:
Muscular activity
Arterial pulsation
Infection
Peristaltic action

11 The cervical lymph nodes are situated:
In front of the ear
Behind the ear
Under the chin
On the neck

12 How do lymphatic capillaries differ to vascular capillaries?
They do not differ
They are not porous
"They are not continuous, they have a blind end "
They are held open with hoops of hyaline cartilage

13 What is one of the functions of lymph?
Transport oxygen to the tissues
Add lymphocytes to the blood
Transport carbon dioxide from the tissues
Bathes the tissues in plasma

14 How is lymph circulated?
It is pumped by the heart
The spleen pumps lymph
Gravity draws it to the hands and feet where it is returned to the blood stream
A combination of skeletal muscle contraction and valves in the veins

15 What is the function of lymph nodes?
To filter lymph only
To produce new lymphocytes only
A point of re-entry to the blood stream for lymph fluid
To filter lymph and produce new lymphocytes

16 The function of lymph nodes include
Act as a biological filter
Increase water content of lymph
Transport oxygen
Regulate body temperature

17 The submandibular lymph nodes are situated
In front of the ear
Behind the ear
Under the jaw bone
On the neck

18 The function of a lymph vessel is to
Work with blood to collect and distribute waste
Aid in the elimination of carbohydrates
Transport lymph
Transport lymph to the veins

19 The digestive and lymphatic system work together to
Aid in the digestion of carbohydrates
Aid in the elimination of carbohydrates
Aid in the digestion of fats
Aid in the elimination of fats

20 Non-granular leucocytes include:
Erythrocytes
Thrombocytes
Monocytes
Haemocytes

21 What is the inner layer of a lymphatic vessel composed of?
Muscular tissue
Endothelial cells
Yellow elastic tissue
Ciliated columnar tissue

22 Which of the following is not a function of the right lymphatic duct?
To drain lymph from the right leg
To drain lymph from the right side of the chest
To drain lymph from the right arm
To drain lymph from the right side of the head

23 Which of the following is a function of a lymphatic node?
To produce subcutaneous tissue
To remove and destroy harmful micro-organisms
To produce endothelial and elastic tissue
To produce blood plasma

24 Where are erythrocytes broken down?
In the pancreas
In the kidneys In the lymph
In the spleen

ANSWERS
1 b, 2 b, 3 d, 4 d, 5 b, 6 b, 7 c, 8 d, 9 d, 10 c, 11d, 12c, 13b, 14 d, 15d, 16 a, 17c, 18c, 19c, 20c, 21a, 22a, 23b, 24 d

1 The part of the nervous system which works closely with the respiratory system for inhalation is:
Cerebrum
Cerebellum
Medulla oblongata
Spinal cord
C

3 The muscular and nervous systems work together to:
Control and coordinate movement
Regulate body changes Protect
Reproduce
A

4 The sympathetic nervous system affects the heart by:
Accelerating the action of the heart
Constricting the flow of blood to the heart
Slowing down the action of the heart
Lowering blood pressure
A

5 The brachial nerves supply the:
"Muscles of the neck, shoulder and skin Skin and muscles of the lower abdomen, thighs and groin C"
Cerebellum
Muscles from the base of the neck to the fingertips and skin
Chest muscles and the main part of the abdominal wall
C

6 Which part of the brain has control over cardiac output?
Cerebrum
Respiration
Medulla oblongata
Pons varolii

9 Name a reaction of the nervous system outside the control of the brain
Digestion
Respiration
Reflexes
Heartbeat

10 What would be the a symptom of bells palsy
Pain down the lower back and leg
Tremor
Loss of co-ordination
Facial paralysis

11 The functions of the myelin sheath include
To help regenerate nerve cells
To transmit nerve impulses away from the cell body
To speed up nerve conduction
Slow down nerve conduction

12 The nervous system overworks in times of stress causing:
Low blood pressure
Sciatica
Muscle tension
Decreased heart rate

13 Multiple sclerosis is defined as
Damage to the basal ganglia of the brain
Deterioration of the motor neurones in the body
Loss of the protective myelin sheath from nerve fibres
Paralysis of the face caused by injury

14 The effects on the digestive system of the parasympathetic nervous system include:
"Increase in secretion of pancreatic juice, micturition "
"Increase in digestion, increase in excretion of pancreatic juice"
"Delay in digestion, inhibition in secretion of digestive juices "
"Inhibition of micturition, decrease in secretion of pancreatic juices"

15 The muscular and nervous system work closely together to
Reproduce
Protect
Regulate body changes
Control and co-ordinate movement
16 Function of the pia mater is to
Supplies blood to the brain and spinal cord
Protects
Consist of white and grey mater
Contain cerebrospinal fluid

17 Homeostasis is
Internal balance
Internal and external balance
External balance
Balance of body's surrounding environment

18 Respiration is inhibited by
Medulla oblongata
Pons varolii
Cerebrum
Cerebellum

19 Multiple sclerosis is a result of
Loss of protective myelin sheath
Degeneration of nerve cells
Degeneration of nerve cells
Damage to the basal ganglia
Post viral fatigue syndrome

20 Where does a sensory nerve carry impulses?
From the brain to all parts of the body
From all parts of the body to the brain
Up and down the spine
Up and down the limbs only

21 What is a function of a dendrite?
To send nerve impulses to the cell body
To send nerve impulses away from the cell body
To pass on nerve impulses to the next neurone
To be a chemical messenger enabling the impulse to be transmitted

22 Which part of the nervous system works closely with the respiratory system during inhalation?
Spinal cord
Medulla oblongata
Cerebellum
Cerebrum

23 What is the function of a synapse?
To pass on a nerve impulse to the axon of the next neurone
To help insulate the axon
To speed up the passage of nerve impulses along the fibre
To contain a chemical messenger which enables a nerve impulse to be transmitted

24 What effect does the sympathetic nervous system have on the skin?
Dilation of the blood vessels that supply the skin
A decrease in the ability of the skin to sweat
Construction of the blood vessels that supply the skin
Relaxation of the erector pili muscles in the skin

ANSWERS
1c, 2c,3a, 4a, 5c, 6 ?, 9 ?,11 ?, 12?, 13?, 14? 15?, 16?, 17?, 18?, 19?, 20?, 21?, 22?, 23?, 24

1 The functions of the adrenal medulla hormones include:
Regulation of salts in the body
Maintenance of calcium levels in plasma
Regulation of water absorption
Prepares the body for fight or flight

2 The endocrine system works closely with the nervous system to provide:
Homeopathy
Homosapien
Homeostasis
Imbalance in the body

3 Hypo secretion of vasopressin causes:
Oedema
High blood pressure
Diabetes insipidus
Low blood pressure

4 Hormones are carried in the:
Circulatory system
Lymphatic system
Nervous system
Respiratory system

5 Hyper secretion of thyroxin can cause:
Graves disease
Myxoedema
Cretinism
Dwarfism

6 The function of the adrenal medulla include
Fight and flight response
Regulation of body salts
Rest and digest
Regulation of body calcium levels

7 The functions of the adrenal cortex include
Fight and flight response
Rest and digest Regulation of body salts
Regulation of body calcium levels

8 The causes of cushings syndrome include
Hypo secretion of glucocorticoid hormones
Hyper secretion of glucocorticoid hormones
Hypo secretion of adrenocortical hormones
Hyper secretion of adrenocortical hormones

9 The posterior lobe of the pituitary gland secretes the following hormones
"Oestrogen, prolactin "
"Corticosteroids, follicle stimulating hormone"
"Thyroptropin, human growth "
"Vasopressin, oxytocin"

10 The hyper secretion of parathormone results in
"Hirsuitisim, amenorrhoea "
"Softened bones, spontaneous fractures"
"Lowered immunity, stress "
Lowering of blood calcium levels

11 Which endocrine gland secretes human growth and adrenocorticotrophic hormone
Pineal
Thyroid Pituitary
Pancreas

12 What is the function of thyroxin?
Regulation of water absorption
Stimulates the contraction of the uterus
Controls the metabolic rate
Regulates salts in the body

13 Where are the adrenal glands found?
Either side of the neck
The base of the brain
In the thorax
Superior to the kidneys

14 What does PMS stand for?
Pre menstrual syndrome Pre monster syndrome
Post menopausal syndrome
Post menstrual syndrome

15 What is the effect of amenorrhoea?
Menstruation every 23 weeks
Absence of menstruation
Muscular atrophy
The patient becomes hirsute

16 The effect of premenstrual syndrome is
Muscular atrophy
Bloating and depression
Irregular menstrual cycles
Hirsuitisim

17 Amenorrhoea is
Onset of menstruation
Painful menstruation
Absent menstruation
Depression and bloating

18 The cause of addisons syndrome are:
Hyposecretion of adrenocortical hormones
Hyposecretion of female sex hormones
Hypersecretion of adrenocortical hormones
Hypersecretion of female sex hormones

19 What is the effect of amenorrhoea?
Constantly menstruating
Painful menstruation
Absence of menstruation
Very heavy menstruation

20 What is the function of interstitial cell-stimulating hormone?
To stimulate the ovaries to produce the corpus luteum
To stimulate the production of urine
To stimulate the testes to secrete testosterone
To stimulate tissue metabolism

21 The effect of Polycystic ovarian syndrome may include:
Muscular atrophy
Early menopause Release of adrenaline into the blood stream
Hirsutism

22 What could hyposecretion of Vasopressin in adults cause?
Low blood pressure
Diabetes mellitus
Jaundice
Diabetes insipidus

23 The function of the adrenal cortex hormones include to:
Regulate salts in the body
Maintain calcium levels in plasma
Regulate water absorption
Prepare the body for 'fight or flight'

1 Emphysema is:
Inflammation of lung tissue
Inflammation of bronchial tubes
Inflammation of the pleural lining of the lungs
Loss of stretch and elasticity of the alveoli

2 The structure of the pleura is:
Yellow elastic connective tissue
Areolar tissue
Serous membrane
Columnar epithelium tissue

3 The functions of the trachea include:
Collection of foreign matter or bacteria by the goblet secretory cells
Act as a passageway between the larynx and pharynx
To moisten and warm the air
To allow exchange of gasses to take place

4 The vessels carrying deoxygenated blood from the heart are:
Superior vena cava
Pulmonary artery
Inferior vena cava
Pulmonary vein

5 Bronchitis is:
Inflammation of the pleural lining
Inflammation of the bronchial tubes
Inflammation of lung tissue
Alveoli stretch and lose elasticity

6 Internal respiration occurs:
In the nose
In the trachea
In the lungs
Between the cells and blood

7 Which muscle group is not involved in respiration?
Diaphragm
External intercostals
Intercostals
Abdominus rectus

8 Pneumonia is
Inflammation of bronchioles
Inflammation of lung tissue
Inflammation of pleura
bacterial infection

9 Chemo receptors that register oxygen levels in the blood are found in
"Aorta, carotid arteries "
Superior vena cava
Inferior vena cava
Jugular vein

10 The trachea is made of:
Incomplete rings of yellow elastic tissue of hyaline cartilage
Incomplete rings
Complete rings of yellow elastic tissue
Complete rings of hyaline cartilage

11 Internal respiration is:
Air intake and exchange of gasses in the lungs
Expiration and exchange of gasses in the lungs
Exchange of gasses in cells
Exchange of gasses in the lungs

12 The Pons Varolii:
Stimulates inspiration
Stimulates expiration
Inhibits inspiration
Inhibits expiration

13 The main muscle of respiration is
The intercostals
Abdominal
Cardiac
Diaphragm

14 What is the structure of the pleura?
Serous membrane
Areolar tissue
Columnar epithelial tissue
Yellow elastic connective tissue

15 What is meant by diffusion?
The movement of water and soluble substances across a membrane caused by the difference in pressure either side of the membrane
When water passes through a membrane fro a strong concentration of pressure or solution to a weaker pressure or solution to make both sides equal
"When substances are too large to pass directly through the membrane, a carrier substance takes them from outside to the inside "
When a strong concentration of gas moves to the weaker concentration of gas until both sides are equal

16 What is bronchitis?
Inflammation of the lungs
Inflammation of the stomach
Inflammation of the throat
Inflammation of the bronchi

4 Salivary glands include
"Clavicle, carotid "
"Cervical, buccal"
"Palatine, masseter submandibular"
"Parotid, "

5 The digested food absorbed by the lacteals are:
"Fats, fatty acids and glycerol "
Polysaccharides and monosaccharides
Amino acids and sugars
Proteins and peptones

6 The function of lipase is
To emulsify fats
Convert fats to fatty acids
Collect fats
Digestion

7 The functions of the liver include
Reservoir for bile
Eliminate toxins
Secretes enterocrinin
"Produce Vitamin D, turn fats into cholesterol"

8 Anorexia nervosa is
Over use of laxatives
Refusal to eat
Insatiable hunger
Binge eating

9 The tongue plays an important part in
Digestion
Ingestion
Indigestion
Swallowing

10 The enzyme trypsin can be found in the:
Juices from the pancreas
Bile from the gall bladder
Juices from the stomach
Bile from the liver

11 What does lipase digest?
Fats Proteins
Carbohydrates
Starch

12 What does cirrhosis affect?
The kidneys
The bladder
The gall bladder
The liver

13 Where does ingestion begin?
In the stomach
In the small intestine
In the mouth
In the large intestine

6 Acne vulgaris is more common during
Pregnancy
Puberty
Lactation
Menopause

7 Vitiligo can be recognised by
White patches of skin
Yellow patches of skin
Red patches of skin with silvery scales
Brown patches of skin

8 The pH of the skin in the measurement of the
Depth of layers of the epidermis
Thickness of the dermis
Lipid content of sebum
Acidity or alkalinity of the skin

9 Melanin formation is defined as
A pigment which lightens the skin
A pigment which darkens the skin
Helps form a scab on the skin
Converts ergosterol to vitamin D

10 Define the function of the erector pili muscle
Cause the hair follicle to stand erect
Constrict the flow of blood to the epidermis
The layer of muscle found below the dermis
Pumps sebum to the surface of the skin
Pumps sebum to the surface of the skin

12 List the correct order of the layers of the skin
"Spinosum, corneum, lucidum. Granulosum, germinativum "
"Corneum, lucidum, granulosum, spinosum, germinativum"
"Lucidum, granulosum, spinosum, corneum, germinativum "
"Corneum, spinosum, lucidum, granulosum, germinativum"

13 The skin produces two products these are
Melatonin and Vitamin D
Vitamin E and myelin
Melanin and Vitamin E
Melaning and Vitamin D

14 "I have a skin disorder, it is as follows. A bacterial infection causing thin roofed blisters, which weep and leave a thick, yellow crust. It is highly contagious. What is the disorder?"
Impetigo
Warts
Psoriasis
Carcinoma

15 The cells containing keratin can be found in which layer of skin?
Stratum corneum
Stratum granulosum
Stratum spinosum
Stratum lucidum

16 Melanin is produced in which layer of skin?
Stratum corneum
Stratum granulosum
Stratum spinosum
Stratum basale

17 Which of the following is congenital?
Eczema
Acne vulgaris
Herpes
Impetigo

18 The outer layer of the dermis is
Stratum corneum
Stratum lucidum
Stratum spinosum
Stratum germinativum

19 The normal pH value of the skin is
5.6-6.5
4.6 – 5.4
6.5-7.0
5.0-7.0

20 Vitiligo is what kind of disorder?
Infectious
Pigmentation
Bacterial
Fungal

21 Sunlight is needed to convert what into vitamin D?
MSH
Ergosterol
Sebum
Water

22 Sebum is produced in
Eccrine glands
Apocrine glands
Sebaceous glands
Epidermis

23 What type of skin disease is impetigo?
Fungal
Congenital
Viral
Bacterial

24 The characteristics of eczema include: Elevated wheals on the skin
Silvery scales
Red itching rash
Pustules

25 Which of the following is converted into Vit D by ultra violet radiation in sunlight?
Substance in sweat
Substance in plasma
Substance in sebum
Substance in capillaries

26 Where can melanocytes be found?
In the sebaceous glands
In the dermis
In the stratum germinativum
In the apocrine glands

ANSWERS
6b, 7a.8d,9d, 10a, 12b, 13a, 14a, 15b 16d,17a, 18a, 19d, 20a, 21b, 22c, 23c,24c, 25?, 26?

1 The Golgi apparatus is
Protein house
Oval shaped membrane
Power house
Combines carbohydrate with protein compound

2 The process by which oxygen passes from the blood into the cells is
Diffusion
Mouth
Osmosis
Filtration

4 Squamous epithelial tissue is found in
Tubules of the kidneys
Gall bladder
Squamous cells
Heart blood and lymph vessels

5 The movement of substances through cells is aided by
Ribosome's
Vacuoles
Endoplasmic reticulum
Centrioles

6 Protein is made in the cell in
Mitochondria
Ribosome's
Nucleus
Lysosomes

7 "In cell reproduction, the nucleus disappears during"
Telophase
Anaphase
Interphase
Prophase

8 Keratin is
Compound epithelium
Simple epithelium
Squamous epithelium
Ciliated epithelium

9 Fatty substances enter the cell by
Osmosis
Dissolution
Filtration
Diffusion

11 Areolar tissue is a type of:
Connective tissue
Epithelial tissue
Nervous tissue
Muscular tissue

12 The functions of areolar tissue include:
"Protection, insulation "
"Support, connection "
"Stretch, recoil "
"Lining, absorption"

14 Where would you typically find Squamous epithelial tissue?
Lining the circulatory system
Lining the stomach
Lining the respiratory system
Lining the bladder

15 When a cell reproduces and divides the term is
Meiosis
Osmosis
Mitosis
Melanosis

17 "What am I explaining? The transfer of a substance by pressure, when the concentration of the substance on one side of the membrane is greater than the other. The transference stops when an equal concentration has been achieved."
Filtration
Osmosis
Diffusion
Dissolution

18 What is the majority of a cell made up of?
Carbohydrates
Cytoplasm
Protoplasm
Nucleus

19 The function of the mitochondria is to
Secrete carbohydrates
Play an important role in cell division
Allow the movement of different substances within the cell
Supply the cell with energy

21 Prophase is the stage in mitosis when the
Centrosome divides into two centrioles
Chromosomes arrange themselves at the centre of the cell
Spindle threads of the Centrioles divide to form new centromeres
Centromere stretches as the Centrioles are drawn apart

22 Columnar epithelial tissue is attached to the basement membrane by a single layer of which type of cell?
Tall and rectangular
Cube shaped
Flattened
Those that are not flattened but can change shape when necessary

23 What is mitosis?
The covering around the cell
The protection against UV light
The elimination of toxins from the skin
The multiplication of cells

24 What is the function of the endoplasmic reticulum?
To produce enzymes and other compounds
To form a network of canals
To combine carbohydrates with protein compounds for energy
To release energy and form adenosine triphosphate

25 What is the function of ciliated epithelial tissue?
To form a lining in the stomach and small intestine
To form a smooth lining for lymph vessels
To prevent deeper layers from drying out and dying
"To help remove mucus and foreign matter, keeping passageways clear"

26 What is the function of the nucleolus?
To destroy worn out parts of the cell
To store waste materials or secretions from the cytoplasm
To programme the formation of ribosome's
To control all the organelles within the cytoplasm

ANSWERS
1d, 2a,4d, 5c, 6b, 7d, 8a, 9b 10b,11a, 12b, 14c, 15c, 17b, 18c, 19d, 21a, 22a, 23d, 24b, 25d, 26c

1 What does the sebaceous gland produce?
Watery sweat
Milky sweat
Sebum
Oil

2 Vitiligo can be recognised by the presence of what?
White patches of skin
Red patches of skin
Yellow patches of skin
Brown patches of skin

3 The eccrine glands secrete?
a.Watery sweat
Milky sweat
c.Sebum
d.Mucous

4 Which of these is a congential condition?
Acne Vulgaris
Herpes Simplex
Tinea pedis
Ezcema

5 Which of these is a bacterial infection?
Tinea corporis
Folliculitis
Warts
Ezcema

6 Which of the following does NOT flex the hip
Semimembranous
Rectus Femoris
Sartorius
Iliacus

7 Which muscle everts the foot and plantarflexes the ankle?
Peroneus Longus
Gastrocnemius
Rectus Femoris
Soleus

8 Which of the following muscles is in the lower arm?
Coracobrachialis
Tibialis anterior
Extensor Digitorum Longus
Extensor carpi ulnaris

9 What is the description of flexion?
Facing the palm of the hand upwards
Pointing the toes down towards the ground
Turning the foot outwards
Reduced angle between the joints of a bone

10 What is a strain?
A rheumatoid condition affecting the joints
Local involuntary contractions of a muscle
Build up of lactic acid in the muscle causing stiffness and pain
The overexertion of a muscle causing local inflammation and pain

11 11. What is known as the ‘power house’ of a cell?
Endoplasmic reticulum
Ribosomes
Golgi apparatus
Mitochondrion

12 the study of cells and tissues is called?
a. Homeopathy
b. Histology
c. Biology
d. Cardiology

13 Which tissue is found around the body supporting and connecting?
Areolar
White fibrous
Yellow elastic
d Adipose

14 What tissue is found in the breast?
Blood and lymph
Cartilage
White fibrous and yellow elastic
Areolar and adipose

15 QUESTION UNKNOWN

16 What is the name of the bone that protects the kneecap?
Scapula
Clavicle
Tibia
Patella

17 . Where would you find slightly flexible joints?
a. Between parietal and occipital bones
c. Between the vertebrae
?
D

18 What is the name of the bone of the upper arm?
Humerus
Tibia
Femur
Ulna

19 Which of the following is the function of Cancellous bone?
Strength
Flexibility
Protective covering
Structural integrity and cell reproduction

20 Which is the only moveable bone in the skull?
Temporal
Occipital
Maxilla
Mandible

21 Where would you find the pituitary gland?
Skull
Chest
Throat
Kidney

22 What is the function of the parathyroid glands? Maintenance of calcium in the blood
Maintenance of sugar in the blood
Maintenance of metabolism
Maintenance of iron levels in the blood

23 "A client has very high blood sugar and produces a lot of urine, what could they be suffering from?"
Addison’s disease
Diabetes mellitus
Diabetes insipidus

24 Hypersecretion of thyroxine could lead to?
Gain in weight
Increased metabolism
Excessive breast growth in men

25 What is the disease/disorder when the follicles are constantly produced in the ovaries?
Polycystic ovary disease
Dysmenorrhoea
Endometriosis
Amenorrhoea

26 Where do capillaries arise from?
Arterioles
Venules Veins
Arteries

27 What is the structure of arteries?
"Thick walls, small lumens"
"Thin walls, small lumens"
"Thick walls, large lumens"
"Thin walls, large lumens"

28 What is the condition that involved reduction of the number of red blood cells?
Anaemia
Leukemia
Atherosclerosis
Phlebitis

29 What is haemophilia?
Enlarged veins in the rectum
Inability of the blood to clot
A blood clot

30 QUESTION UNKNOWN

31 What is one of the functions of the spleen?
Storage of hormones
To destroy lymphocytes
To destroy thrombocytes

32 Where would you find the Popliteal lymph node?
In the neck
In the armpit Behind the knee In the groin

33 What is one of the functions of a lymph node?
To filter out bacteria and toxins

34 Which vessel does the thoracic duct drain to?
Left subclavian vein
Right subclavian vein
Left aortic vein
Right aortic vein

35 Where is the posterior auricular node situated?
At the back of the head
In front of the ear
Behind the ear
Under the chin

36 What is a neurilemma?
The fine membrane surrounding an axon
The junction between two nerves
c. Insulation for the nerve

37 How many cervical nerves are there?
a.4
8
c.12
d.5

38 What is the function of the oculomotor cranial nerve?
To move the muscles of the eye
To control the muscles of the face that create expression
The sense of sight
To control temperature

39 Which part of the brain is responsible for the regulation of temperature?
Pons Varoli
Hypothalamus
Cerebellum
Pineal

40 Which part of the brain is responsible for memory?
Cerebrum
Cerebellum
Medulla oblongata

41 Which part of the reproductive system is affected by mastitis?
Breast
Uterus
Ovaries

42 Amenorrhoea is defined as?
Continuous menstruation
Painful menstruation
Absence of menstruation
Very heavy menstruation

43 Where would you find trypsin?
Liver
Mouth
Stomach
Pancreas

44 What does liver do that involves circulatory system?
Production of plasma proteins
Storage of hormones
Production of leucocytes
Production of red blood cells

45 What do digestive and lymph work together to do?
Absorption of carbohydrates
Elimination of waste
Absorption of fats
Elimination of fats

46 What is the function of the Bronchioles?
To take the air from the larynx to the bronchi
To take air to the alveoli
To warm and moisten the air

47 "Which part of the brain is responsible for stopping inspiration, and therefore expiration?"
Medulla oblongata
Cerebellum
Cerebrum
Pons varoli

48 The definition of Pneumonia is? Inflammation of the bronchi causing coughing
Inflammation of the lung tissue caused by infection
Inflammation of the lining of the lung
Infection of the sinuses of the face